Lipoic acid and its reduced form, dihydrolipoic acid (DHLA), neutralize the free radicals in both lipid and aqueous domains and as such has been called a universal antioxidant. Superoxide dismutase Superoxide dismutases (SODs) are a class of enzymes that catalyse the breakdown of the superoxide anion into oxygen and hydrogen peroxide
Retrospective analysis revealed that affected individuals exhibited nonspecific congenital cataracts but had otherwise normal neurological and systemic function [80]
Aseptic simply means being free from contamination caused by harmful bacteria, viruses, or other microorganisms, or in another word, sterile
Immediate post-injection care focuses on minimising local reactions: Apply a cold compress to the injection site for 1015 minutes to reduce pain and swelling Avoid massaging or rubbing the area, which can increase bruising Wear loose clothing that doesn't irritate the injection site Gentle movement of the affected limb may help reduce stiffness Hydration and nutrition support general wellbeing during treatment
As with any treatment, monitoring for side effects remains important
Human induced pluripotent [37, 38] or hematopoietic [39, 40] stem cell-based models overcome the translational problems related to the BBB
