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Free radical damage can change the instructions coded in a strand of DNA
Baldea I, Giurgiu L, Teacoe ID, Olteanu DE, Olteanu FC, Clichici S, et al
By encapsulating glutathione within liposomes, it is better protected from degradation in the gastrointestinal tract and can be absorbed more efficiently by the body
10.1016/j.phymed.2018.10.031 196 YanW.XuY.YuanY.TianL.WangQ.XieY.et al (2017)
Scioli MG, Storti G, DAmico F, Rodrguez Guzmn R, Centofanti F, Doldo E, Miranda EMC, Orlandi A (2020) Oxidative stress and new pathogenetic mechanisms in endothelial dysfunction: potential diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets
There are 2 primary mechanisms: Ascorbic Acid (Ascorbate) uptake using sodium-dependent vitamin C transporter (SVCT) 1 or 2 Ascorbic Acid (Ascorbate) Recycling Ascorbic Acid (Ascorbate) transport using sodium-dependent vitamin C transporter (SVCT) 1 or 2 As shown below, SVCT 1 and SVCT 2 transport ascorbic acid or ascorbate into the cell against the concentration gradient (represented by the orange wedge in the figure below)
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