Two of these transcription factors, NF-B and AP-1, are involved in inflammation, cellular proliferation, and apoptosis (Silva-Adaya et al., 2014
10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.04.010 80 YiZ.JiangL.ZhaoL.ZhouM.NiY.YangY.et al (2019)

Research has revealed broad regenerative properties with particular relevance to joint and cartilage health:[4] Collagen stimulation: GHK-Cu stimulates collagen synthesis (types I and III), supporting the structural integrity of joint cartilage and surrounding tissues Glycosaminoglycan production: Promotes the production of proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans, which are essential components of cartilage matrix Anti-inflammatory gene expression: Research shows GHK-Cu modulates expression of genes involved in inflammation, oxidative stress, and tissue remodeling Antioxidant support: GHK-Cu has demonstrated antioxidant properties that may protect cartilage from oxidative damage, a contributor to arthritis progression Wound healing: Extensive research on skin and tissue wound healing supports GHK-Cu's regenerative potential across tissue types GHK-Cu is featured prominently in our peptides for healing hub page, where its broad regenerative applications are explored in detail
PMID 28044238
We evaluate the feasibility of prehospital GFAP testing using a point-of-care test to streamline emergency workflows of suspected ICH patients
These results highlight the potential of the topical application of AAPE in the treatment of skin regeneration