Potential concerns Some things worth considering: Cancer risk
Makeup should not be applied to the skin for at least 12 hours after the Dermapen session
Cecal samples Cecal weight was measured since the weight of this portion of the intestine appears to be highly influenced by the microbiome (e.g., certain antibiotic treatments dramatically increase cecal weight 27,28,29,30,31 but not the colon 27 )
Using simple sterile water is an option for single-use applications, but for any protocol requiring multiple draws from the same vial, bacteriostatic water is the only acceptable choice
If results remain unexplained, particularly with very high levels, further investigation may include imaging or haematology referral depending on clinical context and associated abnormalities
Can be stored at room temperature but refrigeration is preferred for longterm storage [8]